Instead, political appointments since the 1990s have been used largely to grow a network of nepotism and crony capitalism. The months of protest were highlighted by moments of violence and bloodshed. Protesters calling for President Saleh to resign in February 2011. Saudi Arabia borders on Yemen and Oman to the south, the United Arab Emirates to the east, Kuwait, Iraq, and Jordan to the north, and the Red Sea to the west. Its creation upended the status quo that had dominated South Arabia for more than 1,000 years, pitting a new generation of revolutionaries against a staunchly conservative religious and tribal class. Ltd., 2017. Comparisons are sometimes drawn here with the British attitude towards Irish labourers. The origins of Saudi policy in Yemen date back decades and are the key to understanding the current crisis. In a second vote on August 25, allowing military enforcement of the blockade, the voting pattern was the same. Haykel, Bernard. Hadi’s desperate escape from Sana’a, first to the southern Yemeni port of Aden, and then by ship to Saudi Arabia, set the stage for a Saudi intervention ostensibly to defend the legitimate Yemeni government in exile. The republic founded in 1962 has since dissolved, leaving in its wake unresolved grievances and competing aspirations for independence within South Arabia. Aerial bombing of Sana’a in 2016 (right). In the months following, Hadi and his closest political allies were placed under virtual house arrest as the Houthis pressured the central government for political concessions allotting equal political power to the country’s northern regions. Yemen; and/or support, condition, or end U.S. support to the Saudi-led coalition. The smuggling trade was said to include weapons, hashish, qat, “shamma” snuff and alcohol. A map and graphs showing the distribution of religious and ethnic groups as well as tribal areas. Only a small part of the line had ever been agreed: a portion at the extreme north-western end stretching from a point just north of Midi on the Red Sea coast to Najran oasis. Available from amazon.com or amazon.co.uk, Burning Country: Syrians in Revolution and War The casualties served as the basis for the Saudi army’s mantra exchanged in jest: “Staying in cool places and avoiding the sun … and staying away from the Yemeni army!”. Although modest in comparison with its neighbours’ oil resources, this gave Yemen, for the first time in its history, an independent source of wealth. Details of the conflict are not particularly relevant today but its result was the Treaty of Ta’if which for the first time formally demarcated part of the border between the two countries. On the streets, in the buses and cafes, there was vigorous support for Yemen’s Gulf stance, coupled with undisguised admiration for Saddam Hussein. Resolving this war will require not only a temporary cessation of hostilities, but also a more complete reevaluation of the Yemeni state. Sensing an opportunity for political consolidation, Saleh arranged a hasty union between North and South, granting southern leadership an equal share of political seats despite the relatively smaller population. Both states hold regional standing: Iran has a large population and a long history of nationhood, while Saudi Arabia holds significant oil reserves and is custodian of Islam’s holiest sites.. Before the 1979 Iranian revolution, relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia proceeded without major incident. At the start of the 1990s, the Islah party (rather than the YSP) was considered the main recipient of Saudi largesse. The Saudi bombing campaign, bands of mercenary ground forces, and a merciless naval and air blockade have precipitated what analysts refer to as one of the worst man-made humanitarian crises of modern times. In the first place, the remittances tied north Yemen’s economy to Saudi Arabia – which meant it would suffer if political relations deteriorated.

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