For the 1854 cholera outbreak in London's Broad Street region, he presented two maps. His process was laborious and slow, but ultimately very informative. Paper Mapping Analysis with Cholera Clusters Dr. John Snow used mapping to illustrate how cases of cholera were centered around a water pump. He created the pump as the center of his spatial density map and measured the density of deaths as it moved away. Dr. John Snow is regarded as one of the founding fathers of modern epidemiology. John Snow was skeptical. Dr. John Snow is considered the father of epidemiology, the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations. Mapping and analysis techniques are used in … Original map by John Snow showing the clusters of cholera cases in the Broad Street outbreak, drawn and lithographed by Charles Cheffins On the 7 th September 1854, Snow took his findings to local officials and convinced them to take the handle off the pump, making it impossible to draw water from it. He had lived through one cholera outbreak as a medical practitioner at just 19 years old, and to him, it didn’t seem like miasma theory explained disease behavior very well. Once John Snow determined that the biggest cluster of deaths occurred around Broad Street, he decided to determine the spatial density of deaths around that area. During a major cholera epidemic in 1854 London, he collected and mapped data on the locations (street addresses) where cholera deaths occurred. John Snow is viewed by many as a pioneer in disease mapping. In the world of the 1850s, cholera was believed to be spread by miasma in the air, germs were not … This then helped him formulate his theory of the spread of cholera by dirty water. Many people thought the disease … Several months later he published this map in his book, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, 2nd Edition. In ArcMap, the tool used to perform this feature is the Kernel Density Tool. In 1854, one produced by Doctor John Snow, altered it forever. The first was shown on December 4, 1854 at a meeting of the London Epidemiological Society. Famously, John Snow plotted the locations of the deaths on a map and found they clustered around a pump in Broad Street – he suggested that the pump be taken out of service – thus helping to end the epidemic. This was still years before Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur would lay the foundations of the germ theory of disease.

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